The effect of a visuospatial interference intervention on posttraumatic intrusions: a cross-over randomized controlled trial.

Background: Intrusive memories form a core symptom of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Based on concepts of visuospatial interference and memory-updating accounts, technological innovations aim to attenuate such intrusions using visuospatial interventions.Objective: This study aims to test the effect of a visuospatial Tetris-based intervention versus a verbal condition (Wiki) and a never-targeted control (no intervention) on intrusion frequency.Method: A randomized crossover trial was conducted including N = 38 PTSD patients who had at least 3 distinct intrusive memories of trauma. After both 2 weeks (intervention 1) and 4 weeks (intervention 2), one of the three memories was randomly selected and either the visuospatial intervention (memory reminder of a traumatic memory + Tetris) or verbal condition (reading a Wikipedia article + answering questions) was performed on their first memory in randomized order. In the week 4 session, the patient conducted the other intervention condition on their second memory (crossover). The third memory was never targeted (no intervention). Daily occurrence of intrusions over 8 weeks was collected using a diary and analysed using mixed Poisson regression models.Results: Overall, there was no significant reduction in intrusion frequency from either intervention compared to each other, and to no intervention control (relative risk Tetris/Wiki: 0.947; p = .31; relative risk no intervention/Tetris: 1.060; p = .15; relative risk no intervention/Wiki: 1.004; p = .92).Conclusions: There was no effect of either intervention on intrusions when administered in a crossover design where participants received both interventions. Design shortcomings and consequences for future studies are discussed.

Visuospatial interventions, including the computer game Tetris, have been studied as a potential means to decrease intrusive memories, a core feature of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.In this study, two interventions are tested in a crossover design with patients with intrusive memories after traumatic experiences.There was no effect of either the visuospatial intervention or the verbal condition in this design.

Effect of PTSD treatment on cardiovascular reactivity during trauma memory recall and correspondence with symptom improvement.

ABSTRACTBackground: Prior research has shown PTSD treatment leads to reductions in cardiovascular reactivity during trauma recall, but the extent to which such reductions are associated with changes in PTSD symptoms is less clear. Moreover, such relationships have not been investigated in a cognitively focused PTSD treatment.Objective: To examine changes in cardiovascular reactivity to the trauma memory in patients receiving cognitive processing therapy (CPT), CPT with a written trauma account, and a written account only condition. We also examined the association of such changes with symptom improvement.Method: 118 women with PTSD secondary to interpersonal violence completed pre- and post-treatment assessments of PTSD symptoms and cardiovascular reactivity during a script-driven imagery task.Results: Results indicated a significant but modest reduction in cardiovascular reactivity in CPT conditions. Changes in cardiovascular reactivity and reexperiencing symptoms were significantly associated among the whole sample. Among individuals with the greatest reactivity to the trauma memory at pretreatment, associations were also seen with changes in total PTSD, numbing, and trauma-related guilt.Conclusions: Results indicate that previous findings on the effect of PTSD treatment on cardiovascular reactivity during trauma recall extend to cognitively oriented treatment. Baseline cardiovascular reactivity may influence the extent to which reductions in PTSD symptoms and reactivity during trauma recall are related.

Cognitive Processing Therapy leads to reduced heart rate reactivity when recalling a trauma memory.Decreases in heart rate reactivity are associated with reduced reexperiencing symptoms.Changes in heart rate reactivity and PTSD symptoms are more closely related among patients with greater pretreatment reactivity.

Cognitive factors as mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms: the mediating roles of cognitive overgeneralisation, rumination, and social problem-solving.

Background: Childhood trauma has negative immediate and long-term impacts on depression. Questions remain, however, regarding the cognitive factors influencing this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the role of three cognitive factors - cognitive overgeneralisation, rumination and social problem-solving - as mediating factors in the relationship between childhood trauma and symptoms of depression.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Iran from March to July 2023. Participants (N = 227; Mean age 32.44 ± 8.95 years) with depression completed measures of childhood trauma, depression, self-overgeneralisation, cognitive errors, memory specificity, rumination and social problem-solving. The conceptual model was assessed using structural equation modelling.Results: Structural equation modelling indicated that childhood trauma had a positive direct effect on depression symptoms. Childhood trauma had a positive indirect effect on depression symptoms through both self-overgeneralisation and rumination and a negative indirect effect on depression through effective social problem-solving strategies.Conclusions: The findings suggest increased exposure to childhood trauma may be associated with elevated depression and self-overgeneralisation, rumination, and effective social problem-solving strategies may play an important role in this relationship. These findings hold potential implications for those working with patients with depression and a history of childhood trauma.

Since the relationship between childhood trauma and depression is not straightforward, the study addresses a significant gap in the understanding of the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms by focusing on cognitive factors as potential mediators among depressed patients.Childhood trauma not only has a direct positive effect on depression symptoms but also indirectly influences depression through self-overgeneralisation and rumination, which contribute to elevated depression, while effective social problem-solving strategies act as a protective factor, leading to decreased depression symptoms.The significance of above cognitive overgeneralisation factors in shaping the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms suggests that therapeutic interventions targeting these cognitive factors might be hold promise in improving mental health outcomes for this vulnerable population.

Performance on the Latin American version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (LAS-FNAME) distinguishes individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment from age-matched controls in a sample from Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: The Latin American Spanish version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (LAS-FNAME) has shown promise in identifying cognitive changes in those at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its applicability for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) detection in the Latin American population remains unexplored. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability and diagnostic performance of the LAS-FNAME for the detection of memory disorders in patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 31 participants with aMCI, diagnosed by a neurologist according to Petersen's criteria, and 19 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria for the aMCI group were to be 60 years of age or older, report cognitive complaints, have a memory test score (Craft Story 21) below a -1.5 z-score and have preserved functioning in activities of daily living. Participants completed LAS-FNAME and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: LAS-FNAME showed the ability to discriminate against healthy controls from patients with aMCI (AUC= 75) in comparison with a gold-standard memory test (AUC = 69.1). LAS-FNAME also showed evidence of concurrent and divergent validity with a standard memory test (RAVLT) (r = 0.58, p < .001) and with an attention task (Digit Span) (r = -0.37, p = .06). Finally, the reliability index was very high (α = 0.88). DISCUSSION: LAS-FNAME effectively distinguished aMCI patients from healthy controls, suggesting its potential for detecting early cognitive changes in Alzheimer's prodromal stages among Spanish speakers.

Pressure control and treatment interact in the deterioration of incidental visuospatial memory in hypertensive patients.

BACKGROUND: Systemic hypertension (SH) is the main risk factor to cognitive deterioration, whereas visuospatial memory is more vulnerable to ageing. Some antihypertensive agents have a neuroprotector effect, however, such effects could be masked by comorbidities and/or the lack of effective control on the arterial pressure of patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess this, the evaluation of incidental visuospatial memory of SH patients and the relation to the treatment received and the effective control of pressure were made. METHOD: 80 patients (46 woman) were included grouped by the received medication: angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARB) or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI). A multiple correlation analysis between visuospatial scores and clinical variables was made; also, a mixed model analysis (fixed factors: treatment, pressure control, diabetes comorbidity; aleatory factors: age, schooling, months from SH diagnoses). RESULTS: Half of the patients had a controlled pressure, from them the higher proportion received ARB, and a minor number of patients received ACEI. The normotensive patients receiving ACEI were inefficient whereas the hypertensive patients were more efficient. The systolic pressure was negatively related with the visuospatial scores in spite of no correlations occurred with MoCA and Raven tests. CONCLUSIONS: The visuospatial incidental/intentional scores were negatively correlated with systolic pressure. The efficiency in the visuospatial ability depends on the interaction of treatment and effective control of blood pressure. The interaction between treatment and effective pressure control must be taken in count when cognitive deterioration is studied.

ANTECEDENTES: La hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) es el principal factor de riesgo para el deterioro cognitivo; por otro lado, la memoria visuoespacial es más vulnerable al envejecimiento. Algunos fármacos antihipertensivos tienen un efecto neuroprotector, pero tal efecto puede enmascararse o bien no manifestarse por comorbilidad o por falta de control efectivo de la presión arterial. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las alteraciones en la memoria visuoespacial incidental de pacientes con HAS en relación con su tratamiento antihipertensivo y su control de la presión. MÉTODO: Se incluyeron 80 pacientes con HAS (46 mujeres), agrupados por su medicación en bloqueadores de los receptores de la angiotensina II (BRA) o inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA). Se realizó un análisis de correlaciones múltiples para los puntajes obtenidos en la prueba de memoria visuoespacial incidental/intencional y un análisis de modelos mixtos (factores fijos: tratamiento, control de la presión y comorbilidad con diabetes; factores aleatorios: edad, escolaridad, meses desde el diagnóstico de HAS y coeficiente intelectual). RESULTADOS: De los pacientes controlados, la mayoría de los que recibían BRA fueron eficientes y los que recibían IECA fueron deficientes. De los que recibían IECA, los descontrolados hipertensos fueron más eficientes que los normotensos. La memoria visuoespacial se correlacionó negativamente con la presión sistólica a pesar de no haber diferencias en MoCA y Raven. CONCLUSIONES: La eficiencia en la memoria visuoespacial dependió de la interacción del tratamiento y el control de la presión. Ambos factores, tratamiento y control efectivo de la presión, deben considerarse en la evaluación del deterioro cognitivo asociado a la HAS.

[Prevalence of subjective memory complaints: Population study in Spain]. / Prevalencia de quejas subjetivas de memoria: estudio poblacional en España.

INTRODUCTION: Subjective memory complaints (SMC) might be an early sign of further deterioration in cognitive functions. However, no population studies have been published covering all Spain to determine the SMC prevalence. The objective of the present study was to determine the SMC prevalence in the general population residing in Spain >50 years of age and also which related actions were done. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Interviews were conducted with a nationally representative sample >50 years of age using an online/computer assisted web interview (CAWI) questionnaire. The survey consisted of 34 items divided into two blocks. Presence of SMC was considered when in question 1 the subject answered that "Yes" he had some memory problem. RESULTS: Two thousand three hundred people (53.7% women; 23.9% ≥75 years old) were interviewed. 31% answered that they considered they had a memory problem (no differences between sexes, mean time with memory problems of 3.0 years). A higher prevalence of SMC was observed in ≥75 years old (44%). 90% did not include any specific foods in their diet for their memory problems, neither were taking any pharmaceuticals, diet supplements or nutritional supplements (92%). 78% of those interviewed with SMC have not consulted health professionals for their memory problems. CONCLUSIONS: SMC are considerably prevalent in our environment affecting almost a third of people ≥50 years of age. Most of the interviewees with SMC did not go to health professionals to manage their SMC.

Indagações sobre experiência de quase morte, memória episódica e o psicóide na visão da psicología / Inquiries about near-death experiences, episodic memory and the psychoid from the view of analytical

Busca-se discutir a relação da Experiência de Quase Morte (EQM) a partir dos conceitos junguianos, particularmentea Individuação e a Espiritualidade. Pretende-se ainda, explorar possíveis relações entre a memória da EQM e Neuropsicologia, analisando o arquétipo psicóide e possíveis relações entre ele e a memória episódica, procurando-se possibilidades viáveis de pesquisas exploratórias que possam trazer maiores esclarecimentos na relação entre a experiência de quase morte, o conceito do psicóide da Psicologia analítica de C. G. Jung e a memória episódica tratada em neuropsicologia AU

We seek to discuss the relationship of the Near Death Experience (NDE) from the Jungian concepts, particularly Individuation and Spirituality. It is also intended to explore possible relationships between NDE memory and Neuropsychology, analyzing the psychoid archetype and possible relationships between it and episodic memory, looking for viable possibilities for exploratory research that can bring further clarification on the relationship between the experience of almost death, the psychoid concept from C. G. Jung's Analytical Psychology and the episodic memory treated in neuropsychology AU

Saúde, reprodução e sexualidade nos tempos da COVID-19: memórias incorporadas das mulheres no Brasil / Health, reproduction and sexuality in times of COVID-19: embodied memories of women in Brazil / Salud, reproducción y sexualidad en los tiempos de COVID-19: memorias encarnadas de las mujeres en Brasil

Objetivo: compreender como a pandemia de COVID-19 afetou a vida e a saúde das mulheres, com ênfase nos aspectos da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, e refletir sobre os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e a justiça reprodutiva no contexto da crise sanitária. Metodologia: utilizou-se questionário online com 113 perguntas objetivas e uma questão aberta para comentários. De 8.313 mulheres que responderam ao questionário, 1.838 relataram suas vivências durante a pandemia na questão aberta. Esse material passou por técnicas de análise narrativa e temática e de construção de memória. Resultados: evidenciou-se a ampliação das dificuldades de acesso a serviços de saúde, em especial de saúde sexual e reprodutiva; o aprofundamento das iniquidades na divisão sexual do trabalho, com sobrecarga de trabalho doméstico e profissional; a insegurança econômica; o tensionamentos das relações afetivo-sexuais e maior exposição à violência; e importantes repercussões na saúde psicoemocional. Todos esses aspectos afetaram as experiências de saúde e adoecimento; a vida sexual; e os planos e experiências reprodutivas nos primeiros anos de pandemia. Conclusão: no Brasil, na sobreposição da emergência sanitária com a crise democrática de direitos, fatos sociais e fatos fisiológicos se misturam e se totalizam na experiência histórica e material do corpo sexual e reprodutivo das mulheres, seguindo as linhas de força das precariedades e injustiças de gênero, de raça e de classe. Os relatos das mulheres contribuem para a construção de uma memória coletiva ­não necessariamente unívoca e linear ­da pandemia. Memórias que podem não apenas ilustrar o momento presente, como contribuir para o entendimento e enfrentamento de crises semelhantes futuras.

Objective: this study seeks to comprehend the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's lives and health, with a particular focus on sexual and reproductive health, andto reflect on sexual and reproductive rights and reproductive justice within the context of the health crisis.Methods:employing an online questionnaire featuring 113 objective questions and one open-ended question for free comments, the study gathered responses from 8,313 women. Out of these, 1,838 utilized the open question to articulate their experiences during the pandemic. The collected material underwent analysis using narrative and thematic approaches, along with memory construction techniques.Results:the findings indicate heightened challenges in accessing health services, particularly for sexual and reproductive health. The pandemic deepened inequities in the sexual division of labor, leading to increased domestic and professional workloads, economic insecurity, elevated tensions in affective-sexual relationships, greater exposure to violence, and notable repercussions on psycho-emotional health. These factors collectively influenced women's health/illness experiences, sexual lives, and reproductive plans during the initial years of the pandemic. Conclusion: the intersection of the health crisis with a democratic crisis in rights has intertwined social and physiological factors into the historical and material experiences of women's sexual and reproductive bodies. These experiences follow the trajectories of gender, race, and class-based precariousness and injustices. Women's accounts contribute to the construction of a collective memory of the pandemic that is not necessarily uniform or linear. Beyond illustrating the present moment, these memories aid in understanding and addressing similar crises in the future.

Objetivo: comprender cómo la pandemia de COVID-19 afectó la vida y la salud de las mujeres, con énfasis en aspectos de salud sexual y reproductiva y reflexionar sobre los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y la justicia reproductiva, en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria. Metodología:se utilizó un cuestionario online con 113 preguntas objetivas y una pregunta abierta para comentarios libres al final. De 8.313 mujeres que respondieron el cuestionario, 1.838 relataron sus experiencias durante la pandemia, en este espacio abierto. Este material fue analizado mediante técnicas análisis de narrativa y temática y de construcción de memoria. Resultados: hubo aumento de las dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud, especialmente de salud sexual y reproductiva, profundización de las inequidades en la división sexual del trabajo, con sobrecarga de trabajo doméstico y profesional, inseguridad económica, tensiones en las relaciones afectivo-sexuales y mayor exposición. a la violencia, e importantes repercusiones en la salud psicoemocional. Todos estos aspectos afectaron las experiencias de salud/enfermedad, la vida sexual, los planes y experiencias reproductivas, en los primeros años de la pandemia. Conclusión: en Brasil, en el solapamiento de la crisis sanitaria con la crisis democrática y de derechos, hechos sociales y hechos fisiológicos se mezclan y totalizan en la experiencia histórica y material de los cuerpos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres, siguiendo las líneas de fuerza de la precariedad y las injusticias. de género, raza y clase. Las narrativas de las mujeres contribuyen a la construcción de una memoria colectiva ­no necesariamente unívoca y lineal ­ de la pandemia. Memorias que no sólo pueden ilustrar el momento presente, sino que también contribuyen a comprender y afrontar crisis futuras similares.

Habilidades Cognitivas y Quiebres en la Conducta Sedentaria en Niños Chilenos / Cognitive Skills after Breaks in Sedentary Behavior in Chilean Children

Introducción. En Chile las tasas de sedentarismo infantil han aumentado, siete de cada 10 niños no cumple con los estándares mínimos recomendados por la Organizaciónn Mundial de la Salud. Faltan en Chile estudios que asocien el sedentarismo de tiempo libre y las horas sedentes en jornada escolar con las habilidades cognitivas. Objetivo. Determinar los cambios en las habilidades cognitivas posterior a la realización de quiebres en la conducta sedentaria. Métodos. Participaron 83 alumnos de 12 a 14 años, pertenecientes a 7° y 8° básico de la región metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. Los alumnos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente como casos (42) y control (41). Se realizó durante 10 días, un protocolo de quiebres en la conducta sedentaria de 3 minutos cada 40 minutos, durante toda la jornada escolar. Ambos grupos tuvieron evaluaciones fisiológicas y aplicación de test de memoria y atención pre y post intervención. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la variable de atención con un valor p-value de (< 0,005) a favor del grupo intervenido. En valores de presión arterial sistólica y frecuencia cardiaca se evidencio un descenso significativo en el grupo intervenido (p<0,005) Conclusión. En este estudio se demuestra que el protocolo aplicado, mejora la habilidad cognitiva de atención en la población estudiada y además se reducen los valores de parámetros fisiológicos.

Background. In Chile, child sedentary lifestyle rates have increased; seven out of 10 children do not meet the minimum standards recommended by the World Health Organization. There is a lack of studies in Chile that associate free-time sedentary behavior and seated hours during the school day with cognitive skills. Objective. To determine the changes in cognitive abilities after the completion of sedentary behavior breaks. Methods. 83 students from 12 to 14 years old participated, belonging to 7th and 8th grade of the metropolitan region of Santiago de Chile. Students were randomly distributed as cases (42) and control (41). A protocol of sedentary behavior breaks of 3 minutes every 40 minutes was carried out during 1 week, during the whole school day. Both groups had physiological evaluations and application of memory tests and pre and post intervention care. Results. Statistically found differences were found both in the care variables with a p-value of <0.005 in favor of the intervened group, as well as in the systolic blood pressure and heart rate values evidencing a significant decrease in the intervened group (p < 0.005) Conclusion. This study shows that the applied protocol improves the cognitive ability of attention in the studied population and also reduces values of physiological parameters.

Percepciones de paz y conflicto armado en actores escolares

El objetivo de este artículo es describir las percepciones de estudiantes y padres de familia relacionadas con el conflicto armado y la paz. Corresponde a un estudio cualitativo de nivel descriptivo enmarcado en el paradigma interpretativo-hermenéutico. Se emplearon los métodos análisis de discurso y teoría fundamentada, y se contó con la participación de 35 actores escolares de una institución educativa en Colombia, a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista en profundidad. Los datos fueron codificados y categorizados, y sistematizados a través del software Atlas Ti. Los resultados muestran siete categorías selectivas, 18 códigos axiales y 231 códigos abiertos, los cuales develan las distintas formas de percepción en torno a la paz y al conflicto armado de los actores escolares. Se sugieren gramáticas heterogéneas en torno a la paz y el conflicto armado con marcos interpretativos amplios y estrategias de escucha flexibles.

The objective of the article is to describe the perceptions of students and parents related to the armed conflict and peace. It corresponds to a qualitative study of descriptive level, framed in the interpretive-hermeneutical paradigm. Discourse analysis and grounded theory methods were used, and 35 school actors from an educational institution in Colombia participated, to whom an in-depth interview was applied. The data was coded, categorized, and systematized through the Atlas Ti software. The results show seven selective categories, 18 axial codes, and 231 open codes, which reveal the different forms of perception around peace and armed conflict of school actors. Heterogeneous grammars are suggested around peace and armed conflict with broad interpretive frameworks and flexible listening strategies.

Cartografías artísticas: jóvenes autores de la construcción del pasado reciente

(analítico) Se presentan los resultados de una investigación que buscó conocer las maneras como los jóvenes construyen sus ideas e imaginarios sobre el pasado reciente en Colombia. El proyecto fue desarrollado en la ciudad de Manizales y contó con la participación de 24 jóvenes entre los 12 y 18 años de edad. El estudio se desarrolló por medio de cartografías de experiencias que se vinculan al pasado reciente y la reconstrucción de la memoria colectiva. Se encontró que los jóvenes emplean signos que se han utilizado tradicionalmente para representar la paz y la memoria, además, que los procesos dialógicos y creativos favorecen los espacios de reflexión en los cuales se trascienden estos signos y se construyen significados más amplios que a su vez les permiten narrar experiencias de vida.

(analytical) This article presents the results of a research project that sought to understand the ways in which young people construct their ideas and imaginaries about the recent past in Colombia. The research was conducted in the city of Manizales with the participation of 24 young people between 12 and 18 years of age. The research was carried out using cartographies of experiences from the recent past and the reconstruction of collective memory. It was identified that young people use signs that have been traditionally used to represent peace and memory. Dialogue and creative processes generate reflection spaces in which these signs are transcended and broader meanings are constructed, which in turn allow them to narrate their life experiences.

(analítico) Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um projeto de pesquisa que procurou compreender as formas pelas quais os jovens constroem suas idéias e imaginários sobre o passado recente na Colômbia. O projeto foi desenvolvido na cidade de Manizales, com a participação de 24 jovens entre 12 e 18 anos de idade. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de experiências de mapeamento ligadas ao passado recente e à reconstrução da memória coletiva. Constatou-se que os jovens utilizam sinais que tradicionalmente são usados para representar a paz e a memória, e que os processos dialógicos e criativos favorecem espaços de reflexão nos quais esses sinais são transcendidos e significados mais amplos são construídos, o que por sua vez lhes permite narrar experiências de vida.

Cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review / Comprometimento cognitivo na síndrome pós-COVID-19 aguda: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract Emerging studies indicate the persistence of symptoms beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Cognitive impairment has been observed in certain individuals for months following infection. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the specific cognitive domains that undergo alterations during the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the potential impact of disease severity on cognition. The aim of this review is to examine studies that have reported cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19, categorizing them into subacute and chronic phases. The methodology proposed by JBI was followed in this study. The included studies were published between December 2019 and December 2022. The search was conducted in PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS - BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo, and EBSCOHost. Data extraction included specific details about the population, concepts, context, and key findings or recommendations relevant to the review objectives. A total of 7,540 records were identified and examined, and 47 articles were included. The cognitive domains most frequently reported as altered 4 to 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 were language, episodic memory, and executive function, and after 12 weeks, the domains most affected were attention, episodic memory, and executive function. The results of this scoping review highlight that adults with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome may have impairment in specific cognitive domains.

Resumo Estudos emergentes indicam a persistência dos sintomas além da fase aguda da COVID-19. O comprometimento cognitivo foi observado em alguns indivíduos durante meses após a infecção. Atualmente, há pouco conhecimento sobre os domínios cognitivos específicos que sofrem alterações durante a síndrome pós-aguda da COVID-19 e o possível impacto da gravidade da doença na cognição. O objetivo desta revisão é examinar estudos que relataram comprometimento cognitivo na COVID-19 pós-aguda, categorizando-os em fases subaguda e crônica. A metodologia proposta pela Joanna Briggs Institute foi seguida neste estudo. Os estudos incluídos foram publicados entre dezembro de 2019 e dezembro de 2022. A busca foi realizada no PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS - BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo e EBSCOHost. A extração de dados incluiu detalhes específicos sobre a população, os conceitos, o contexto e as principais descobertas ou recomendações relevantes para os objetivos da revisão. Um total de 7.540 registros foi identificado e examinado, e 47 artigos foram incluídos. Os domínios cognitivos mais frequentemente relatados como alterados de 4 a 12 semanas após a COVID-19 aguda foram linguagem, memória episódica e função executiva e, após 12 semanas, os domínios mais afetados foram atenção, memória episódica e função executiva. Os resultados dessa revisão de escopo destacam que adultos com síndrome pós-aguda da COVID-19 podem apresentar comprometimento em domínios cognitivos específicos.

Distender o tempo e alinhavar o cuidado: o bordado inventado e a tecnologia da palavra / Stretching time and basting care: the invented embroidery and the word technology / Estirar el tiempo y hilvanar el cuidado: elbordado inventado y la tecnología de palabra

O projeto de pesquisa-intervenção As narrativas ficcionais e o cuidado à dor crônica atuou no Setor de Dor e Cuidados Paliativos de um hospital público, oferecendo-se como coadjuvante do cuidado em saúde. O Ateliê Jardim de Histórias foi um de seus dispositivos e propôs o bordado inventado como linhas de sustentação para um fazer compartilhado. No contexto latinoamericano, o bordar remete à transmissão transgeracional e a práticas políticas e processos de luta e luto no laço social. Este artigo propõe recuperar a história do bordado para além da perspectiva colonial e, a partir disso, a-bordar essa experiência da pesquisa-intervenção no hospital e suas possibilidades. Entende-se que o bordado inventado ressalta a dimensão de improviso e de criatividade dessa prática enquanto um suporte afetivo para a tessitura de narrativas, a partir da disposição de estar com o outro em torno de um fazer sem prescrições. (AU)

The research-intervention project Fictional narratives and chronic pain careacted in the Sector of Pain and Palliative Care of a public hospital, offering an adjunct to health care. The Garden of Stories Atelierwas one of its devices, which proposed the invented embroidery as threads of support for a shared work. In Latin America, embroidery refers to transgenerational transmission, and to political practices and processes of struggle and mourning in the social bond. This article aims to retrieve the history of embroidery beyond the colonial perspective and, from there, to approach this experience of research-intervention in the hospital and its possibilities. The invented embroidery is thought to emphasize the dimension of improvisation and creativity of this practice, as an affective support for the weaving of narratives, from the willingness to be together around an activity without prescriptions. (AU)

El proyecto de investigación-intervención Narrativas ficcionales y el cuidado al dolor crónicofuncionó en el Sector de Dolor y Cuidados Paliativos de un hospital público, ofreciéndose como complemento al cuidado en salud. El Taller Jardín de Historiasfue uno de sus dispositivos y propuso el bordado inventado como líneas de apoyo para una acción compartida. En latinoamerica, el bordado remite a la transmisión transgeneracional y a prácticas políticas y procesos de lucha y luto en el lazo social. Este artículo se propone recuperar la historia del bordado más allá de la perspectiva colonial y, desde allí, abordar esta experiencia de investigación-intervención en el hospital y sus posibilidades. Se entiende que el bordado inventado enfatiza la dimensión deimprovisación y creatividad de esta práctica como soporte afectivo para el tejido de narrativas, desde la voluntad de estar con el otro en torno a un hacer sin recetas. (AU)

Acousto-optic stimuli to promote coherent 40-Hz frequency entrainment effect / Estímulos acústico-ópticos para promover efeito de arrastamento de frequência coerente de 40 Hz

Abstract Background Research has shown that a fundamental frequency of 40 Hz in continuous neural oscillation is indicative of normal brain activity; in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients, these oscillations either disappear or are significantly interrupted. Research has also indicated that the degenerative impacts of AD in mice were mitigated by the synchronization of 40-Hz acousto-optic stimulation (AOS). Objective To examine the impact of employing a 40-Hz AOS intervention on the induction of a substantial 40-Hz frequency entrainment and improvement in working memory performance among a sample of young individuals in good health. We conduct an analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) data following the presentation of AOS. Methods We recruited 20 healthy volunteers (median age: 25 years; 8 female subjects). Following the administration of various stimuli, including no stimuli, 40-Hz AOS, pink noise, and 40Hz acoustic stimuli (AS), the participants were required to complete a working memory task. A total of 62 electrodes were used to record EEG data, which was subsequently analyzed to investigate the impact of AOS on the activity of working memory. We also aimed to determine if AOS lead to a more pronounced 40-Hz frequency entrainment. Results Following the administration of AOS, a notable enhancement in the 40-Hz power of pertinent cerebral areas was observed, accompanied by a substantial improvement in the performance of the subjects on working memory tests subsequent to the stimulation. Conclusion The findings unequivocally establish the efficacy of using AOS to enhance the 40-Hz power and working memory.

Resumo Antecedentes A pesquisa mostrou que uma frequência fundamental de 40 Hz em oscilação neural contínua é indicativa de atividade cerebral normal. Em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA), essas oscilações desaparecem ou são significativamente interrompidas. A pesquisa também indicou que os impactos degenerativos da DA em camundongos foram mitigados pela sincronização da estimulação acústico-óptica (EAO) de 40 Hz. Objetivo Examinar o impacto do emprego de uma intervenção EAO de 40 Hz na indução de um arrastamento substancial de frequência de 40 Hz e na melhoria do desempenho da memória de trabalho entre uma amostra de jovens com boa saúde. Conduzimos uma análise de potenciais relacionados a eventos (PREs) derivados de dados de eletroencefalograma (EEG) após a apresentação de EAO. Métodos Recrutamos 20 voluntários saudáveis (idade média: 25 anos; 8 mulheres). Após a administração de vários estímulos, incluindo nenhum estímulo, EAO de 40 Hz, ruído rosa e estímulos acústicos (EA) de 40 Hz, os participantes foram obrigados a completar uma tarefa de memória de trabalho. Um total de 62 eletrodos foram utilizados para registrar dados de EEG, que foram posteriormente analisados. para investigar o impacto do AOS na atividade da memória de trabalho. Também pretendemos determinar se o AOS leva a um arrastamento de frequência de 40 Hz mais pronunciado. Resultados Após a administração de AOS, foi observado um aumento notável na potência de 40 Hz de áreas cerebrais pertinentes, acompanhado por uma melhoria substancial no desempenho dos sujeitos em testes de memória de trabalho subsequentes à estimulação. Conclusão Os resultados estabelecem inequivocamente a eficácia do uso do AOS para melhorar a potência de 40 Hz e a memória de trabalho.

The role of dissociation-related beliefs about memory in trauma-focused treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Dysfunctional cognitions play a central role in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However the role of specific dissociation-related beliefs about memory has not been previously investigated. This study aimed to investigate the role of dissociation-related beliefs about memory in trauma-focused treatment. It was hypothesized that patients with the dissociative subtype of PTSD would show higher levels of dissociation-related beliefs, dissociation-related beliefs about memory would decrease after trauma-focused treatment, and higher pre-treatment dissociation-related beliefs would be associated with fewer changes in PTSD symptoms. METHOD: Post-traumatic symptoms, dissociative symptoms, and dissociation-related beliefs about memory were assessed in a sample of patients diagnosed with PTSD (n = 111) or the dissociative subtype of PTSD (n = 61). They underwent intensive trauma-focused treatment consisting of four or eight consecutive treatment days. On each treatment day, patients received 90 min of individual prolonged exposure (PE) in the morning and 90 min of individual eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the afternoon. The relationship between dissociation-related beliefs about memory and the effects of trauma-focused treatment was investigated. RESULTS: Dissociation-related beliefs about memory were significantly associated with PTSD and its dissociative symptoms. In addition, consistent with our hypothesis, patients with the dissociative subtype of PTSD scored significantly higher on dissociation-related beliefs about memory pre-treatment than those without the dissociative subtype. Additionally, the severity of these beliefs decreased significantly after trauma-related treatment. Contrary to our hypothesis, elevated dissociation-related beliefs did not negatively influence treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study suggest that dissociation-related beliefs do not influence the outcome of trauma-focused treatment, and that trauma-focused treatment does not need to be altered specifically for patients experiencing more dissociation-related beliefs about memory because these beliefs decrease in association with treatment.

This study investigated the role of dissociation-related beliefs about memory on trauma-focused treatment.Dissociation-related beliefs were related to post-traumatic and dissociative symptoms, and were especially prominent in patients with the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder.Dissociation-related beliefs about memory do not impact the effectiveness of trauma-focused treatment. In fact, trauma-focused treatment effectively decreased these beliefs, suggesting that dissociation-related beliefs about memory should not be a determining factor in withholding patients from receiving trauma-focused therapy.

Notas sobre a memória em Assim falou Zaratustra: contribuições à leitura do dinamismo psicológico / Notes on memory in Thus Spoke Zarathustra: contributions to the interpretation of psychological dynamism

O presente artigo sustenta a distinção entre dois esquemas possíveis de uso de conteúdos rememorados. Entendemos que a memória é determinante no processo clínico e, para que se possa empregá-la em uma acepção terapêutica, deve ser observada em sua caracterização qualitativa. Nestes termos, com o intuito de apontar a distinta natureza de modos possíveis de rememoração, sugerimos a aproximação de dois modelos extraídos da filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche. Notadamente, focamos sobre elementos de um dinamismo psicológico no qual a memória está associada a traços específicos do caráter. Tal distinção pode ser percebida em Assim falou Zaratustra, quando o filósofo alemão apresenta dentre tantos personagens dois que nos interessam em particular: o Santo e Zaratustra. Trataremos, portanto, da diferenciação entre estes dois tipos. Cada um, ao seu modo, emprega um uso próprio da memória ao elaborar a vivência psicológica de suas experiências. Pretende-se, assim, mostrar que o estatuto distinto no qual se inscrevem tais memórias serve como índice de diagnóstico e interpretação de diferentes modos de existência.

The present article argues the distinction between two possible models concerning the usage of remembered contents. Memory is determinant in the clinical process and, in order to apply it in terms of therapy, it must be observed in its qualitative characterization. In these terms, aiming at pointing out the difference between possible modes of recollection, I suggest that two models from Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy be taken into consideration. In particular, my focus lies on elements of a psychological dynamism in which memory comes to be associated with certain character traits. Such distinction can be studied in Thus spoke Zarathustra, in which the German philosopher presents two characters, among many others, which pertain especially to my point: the saint and Zarathustra himself. This paper will deal, therefore, with the differences between these two types. Each of them employs, in their own fashion, a particular usage of memory to elaborate on the psychological aspect of their experiences. I intend, thus, to show that the distinct patterns in which these memories are classified serve as an index of diagnosis and interpretation concerning different modes of existence.

Riesgo neuropsicológico en epilepsia del lóbulo temporal / Neuropsychological risk in temporal lobe epilepsy

Introducción: Los síntomas neuropsicológicos son una preocupación importante para los pacientes con epilepsia y pueden llegar a ser muy influyentes en la percepción de calidad de vida. En el caso de la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal, existen muchas variables que influyen en el desempeño cognitivo de los pacientes, entre las más importantes se encuentran la etiología, la edad de inicio, la duración de la enfermedad y la frecuencia de crisis; sin embargo, una de las variables más importantes es la lateralidad de la epilepsia. Está claramente demostrado que los síntomas cognitivos de la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal varían en función del hemisferio cerebral afectado. Contenido: La epilepsia del lóbulo temporal es una de las principales epilepsias focales que es susceptible de manejo quirúrgico, y, en este sentido, el tipo de procedimiento también tiene una gran importancia en el desenlace cognitivo de estos pacientes. En este artículo, realizamos una revisión narrativa de la literatura, con el objetivo de describir el riesgo neuropsicológico relacionado no solamente con la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal per se, sino también con las intervenciones quirúrgicas que se realizan en pacientes refractarios a la medicación. Conclusiones: Es importante conocer los conceptos sobre las implicaciones del impacto cognitivo en los pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal antes de tomar decisiones quirúrgicas en pacientes refractarios, así como entender que el tipo de cirugía también influye en su desempeño cognitivo. Se debe buscar un equilibrio entre la libertad de crisis y las posibles secuelas neuropsicológicas posquirúrgicas.

Introduction: Neuropsychological symptoms are a major concern for patients with epilepsy and can highly influence the perception of quality of life. In the case of temporal lobe epilepsy, there are many variables that impact the cognitive performance of these people, among the most important are the etiology, the age of onset, the duration of the disease and the frequency of seizures, however, one of the most important variables is the lateralization of the seizure. It has been demonstrated that the cognitive symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy vary depending on the affected cerebral hemisphere. Contents of the review: Temporal lobe epilepsy is one of the main focal epilepsies that is susceptible to surgical management, and the type of surgery also has great importance in the cognitive outcomes of these patients. In this article, we carry out a narrative review of the literature in order to describe the neuropsychological risk related not only to temporal lobe epilepsy per se, but also to surgical interventions performed in drug-resistant patients. Conclusions: It is important to know the concepts about the implications of cognitive impact in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy before making surgical decisions in refractory patients and to understand that the type of surgery also influences the cognitive performance of these patients. A balance must be sought between the freedom of seizures and the possible postoperative neuropsychological sequelae.

El estudio de los efectos de la modalidad lingüística en el léxico mental / The study of the effects of linguistic modality on the mental lexicon

Resumen El estudio se cuestiona sobre un abordaje fructífero en el estudio de los efectos de la modalidad lingüística (de señas versus oral) en la organización de la memoria semántica. Para responder la pregunta de investigación, un aspecto central es definir criterios y procedimientos capaces de distinguir entre los factores transportados por la modalidad lingüística de los que le son propios. Entre los primeros, se encuentran la edad de exposición a la lengua natural y su distribución funcional, etaria o geográfica. Entre los aspectos propios de la modalidad se incluyen la iconicidad y el grado de concreción/abstracción de las piezas léxicas. Se sugiere centrarse en el uso de dicho gradiente para evocar dominios conceptuales. Si lo concreto/abstracto es un continuo, entonces hay que preguntarse qué forma de organización es predominante en el léxico mental de las poblaciones señantes u oyentes y qué factores modulan el perfil de esa organización.

Abstract The efforts to understand the relationship of the meaning of a lexical piece to the object to which it refers, the relationship between the lexical pieces and the concepts, and the understanding of the meanings shared between two speakers who use the same lexical pieces have all constituted major problems for the semantic memory models. According to contemporary literature, perceptual-motor, linguistic, and social information have different weights in the formation of concepts, whether concrete or abstract, stored in the aforementioned memory. Regardless of the models developed so far, it is interesting to note that semantic knowledge is represented by various ways of relating the concepts and the types of relationships between them. In this context, studies in sign languages and comparative studies between spoken and sign languages are scarce. Thus, little is known about the effect of linguistic modality on the semantic networks. After all, the theory on semantic networks and norms for the production of features has been grounded on theories of language and its processing adjusted to spoken languages. As the incorporation of the sign language and the Deaf population has shown in other psycholinguistic and linguistic topics, the importance of including these languages and populations, and comparatives with spoken languages, might increase the explanatory power of the theory to account for the universal and contextual aspects of language and its processing. In this effort, there is a latent risk: the linguistic modality can be only a vehicle for more well-known or studied cross-modal variables (e. g., age of acquisition, functional distribution of language, size of the available lexicon, etc.). If it is considered that languages are not stored together, but similar processes can occur in them, it is essential to find out what may be a singular feature of each modality (spoken versus sign) that might ground differentiated processes. Considering the high iconicity of the sign languages and the possibility of a high concreteness of the lexical pieces in the sign language as distinctive features -not collapsible into well-known variables such as the aforementioned-, this article suggests a careful approach to avoid the aforementioned risk in the study of the effects of the linguistic modality (sign versus oral) in the organization of semantic memory. Since perceptual-motor and social information are the main sources of iconicity, a balanced instrument is necessary in the evocation of perceptual-motor, social, and linguistic information. Repeated free word association tasks seem like an appropriate paradigm for a suggested approach. The reasons for this are that, by not censoring the types of response, then free association tasks allow capturing all kinds of concepts (concrete or abstract), all kinds of semantic relationships/organization (paradigmatic versus thematic) and all kinds of processes (comparison versus interaction). This type of task therefore makes it possible to collect meanings related to linguistic information and non-linguistic experience because affective and experiential information is accessible by doing the task in different repetitions. The approach and the tool are exemplified by an ongoing comparative study between Deaf signing and hearing populations. The partial findings of this study also serve to focus on the expected effects of the difference in iconicity and the level of concreteness/abstractness of the lexical pieces of each linguistic modality; namely, the differences between an abstract and a concrete conceptualization of the conceptual domains. Taxonomic and introspective labels might appear as indicative of paradigmatic relationships, of a taxonomic organization, and of underlying comparison processes. On the other hand, the situational and entity labels, indicative of syntagmatic relationships, of a thematic organization and of underlying interaction processes, might suggest a predominantly concrete organization.

Determinación de intersecciones probabilísticas relacionadas con daño cerebral adquirido a partir de la determinación de probabilidades a priori y a posteriori.

BACKGROUND: The acquired brain damage is a common neurological disorder. OBJECTIVE: Determine the probabilistic intersections of variables related to acquired brain damage from the determination of a priori and a posteriori probabilities. METHOD: Analytical retrospective study. A descriptive analysis was carried out, confidence intervals were calculated to obtain the mean and the proportion with α = 0.05 considering the age of the patient and the diagnosis. An analysis of probabilistic intersection, a priori and a posteriori probability was performed considering diagnosis, sex and age decade; finally, chi squared was calculated. RESULTS: 736 patients were analyzed. The most frequent diagnosis was language disorder. The patients diagnosed with memory disorder were the youngest and those diagnosed with degenerative cognitive disorder the oldest. The probability that a patient with sequelae due to acquired brain damage arrives at the hospital, at the language pathology service, to be diagnosed with a language disorder and that this patient is also a man is 29.06%. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of short and long-term disability generated by acquired brain damage highlights the importance of an early and timely detection and diagnosis so that it favors prompt and efficient specialized care.

ANTECEDENTES: El daño cerebral adquirido es un trastorno neurológico común. OBJETIVO: Determinar las intersecciones probabilísticas de variables relacionadas con daño cerebral adquirido a partir de la determinación de probabilidades a priori y a posteriori. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo analítico. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y se calcularon intervalos de confianza para la media y para la proporción con α = 0.05 considerando la edad del paciente y el diagnóstico. Se realizó análisis de intersección probabilística, probabilidad a priori y a posteriori considerando el diagnóstico, el sexo y la década de edad; por último, se utilizó la prueba χ2. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 736 pacientes. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue el trastorno del lenguaje. Los pacientes diagnosticados con trastorno de memoria fueron los más jóvenes y los diagnosticados con trastorno cognitivo degenerativo los más longevos. La probabilidad de que llegue al hospital, al servicio de patología de lenguaje, un paciente con secuelas por daño cerebral adquirido, sea diagnosticado con trastorno del lenguaje y sea hombre es del 29.06%. CONCLUSIONES: La alta prevalencia de discapacidad a corto y largo plazo generada por el daño cerebral adquirido indica la importancia de la detección y el diagnóstico temprano y oportuno que favorezcan una pronta y eficiente atención especializada.

Spanish normative studies (NEURONORMA-Plus project): norms for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Modified Taylor Complex Figure, and the Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to provide norms and age-, education-, and sex-adjusted data for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Modified Taylor Complex Figure (MTCF), and the Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT) as part of the NEURONORMA-Plus project. METHODS: We recruited 308 cognitively healthy individuals aged between 18 and 92 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores, as well as adjustments for education and sex after applying independent regression models in 2 age groups (< 50 and ≥ 50 years). RESULTS: Older age had a negative effect on performance in both age groups. We observed a positive effect of education on WCST performance in the younger group (< 50 years), and on all MTCF measures (with the exception of the recognition task) in the older group (≥ 50 years). Education had no impact on performance in the RULIT, although sex did, with a small but significant effect whereby young men showed higher performance for one variable. CONCLUSION: The normative data provided can contribute to the clinical interpretation of performance in these tests in the Spanish population.